CDC Priorities

Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month Campaign

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We would like to acknowledge and thank our advising partner for their support in developing this toolkit:

  • National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable, American Cancer Society. In particular, we’d like to thank Emily Bell, MPH, Director of the American Cancer Society National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable for her review and contributions.

About Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month

March is Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month and is an annual opportunity to raise awareness of colorectal cancer (CRC) and to promote research into its cause, prevention, diagnosis, screening, treatment, survivorship and cure. This toolkit can assist your organization in sharing important information with your networks about colorectal cancer. 

Data and Statistics

141,902 new cases of colon and rectum cancer were reported in the US in 2021, the latest year in which comprehensive incidence data are available. For every 100,000 people, 36 new cases of colon and rectum cancer cases were reported. In 2022, the latest year mortality data are available, 52,967 people died of colorectal cancer. For every 100,000 people, 13 people died of colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the US.[1] Because of health service disruptions throughout 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer screening, diagnosis, and central cancer registry reporting may be delayed, and actual cancer occurrence may be underreported.

*Note about terminology: Here we report statistics the way in which they are reported in our source references, while emphasizing their limitations. Data are currently reported as binary sex data (male or female) and ignore gender and sex characteristic differences that make up the intersex spectrum, making it difficult to explain differences across gender and sexual orientations. While the latest North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) data dictionary includes multiple options beyond sex variables, the field may be underused or underreported. We advocate for systematic collection of sex assigned at birth, gender identity, sexual orientation, and intersex status to inform and advance evidence-based guidelines.

Screening Recommendations

Screening is a proven tool to reduce the burden of colorectal cancer. Screening can detect cancer early, and can help detect and remove pre-cancerous polyps. As of 2021, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for colorectal cancer in all adults aged 45 to 75 years. Some adults aged 76 to 85 may receive benefits from getting screened for colorectal cancer and should talk to their doctor about whether they should be screened.[2] People at increased or high risk of colorectal cancer may start colorectal cancer screening before age 45, be screened more often, and/or get specific screening tests.[3]

Several recommended screening tests are available. The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends stool-based tests like the high-sensitivity guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) or fecal immunochemical test (FIT) every year, and stool DNA tests (or sDNA-FIT) every one to three years, all of which can be more accessible tests as they are done from home.[4] Direct visualization tests are also recommended: colonoscopies are recommended every ten years, or the CT colonography and flexible sigmoidoscopy can be performed every five years. Doctors and patients may consider a wide variety of factors when deciding which test may be appropriate for each person. 

Best Practices for Communicating About Colorectal Cancer

Use gender-neutral language, when possible. Current data is collected on reported sex (based on only two options: male or female) and does not necessarily correlate with the gender identity of those affected by cancer. Ensure language is inclusive; reflect the words used by your patients to refer to themselves as terminology evolves and varies across communities.

Address barriers to screening:

  • Offer flexible screening options or at-home tests to accommodate for busy schedules.[5]
  • Emphasize that screening can prevent cancer and save lives, especially for those that may fear results and outcomes.
  • Highlight affordable or insurance-covered screening options.
  • Educate on less invasive options like FIT or FOBT tests for those who may experience discomfort about procedures like colonoscopies.[6]  
  • Remind patients that CRC may not show symptoms early to dismiss concerns about perceived symptom requirements.
  • Clarify that screening is still necessary even without a family history.
  • Provide information about transportation services for screening. 
  • Connect patients with community health workers, patient navigators or social workers to help reduce barriers to screening and follow-up care.[7]  
  • Develop messaging that are plain-language and accessible: use alternative text in web graphics and ensure screen reader compatibility. 

Promote Accessible Screening Options

  • Use clear, simple messages to make screening information easy to understand and share across various platforms and communities.
  • Highlight that screening helps prevent colorectal cancer by detecting precancerous polyps early, which can be removed before they develop into cancer.[8]  
  • Promote at-home tests, like FIT or FOBT, as a convenient option for individuals who may be hesitant about in-person visits. Include scheduling follow-up information for those that may experience barriers to colonoscopies after an abnormal screening result.[9]  
  • Offer information on various screening methods, including colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and CT colonography, to ensure patients are aware of all available options.
  • Reduce screening anxiety by emphasizing that at-home tests are a good first step and that additional testing, such as a colonoscopy, may be needed if the results are abnormal.[10]
  • Ensure screening locations are physically accessible and offer accommodations, such as assistance for individuals who use mobility aids.

Promote Early and Regular Screening

  • Encourage individuals under 45 to begin preparing for screening, to be aware of changes to their bowel movements, and emphasize the importance of early prevention, especially given the rise in early-age onset colorectal cancer.[11]
  • Utilize ‘lead time messaging’ to prime adults under 45 to prepare for screening when they are eligible.[12] Resources like the ACS National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable’s Lead Time Messaging Guidebook can be a helpful tool for developing this language. 
  • Highlight the rising rates of colorectal cancer in younger adults and stress the importance of getting screened once they become eligible.

Use Personal Stories and Testimonials

  • Share stories from individuals of various backgrounds and communities to make screening information more relatable and engaging to diverse audiences.[13]
  • Leverage survivor narratives to demonstrate the life-saving impact of early detection and create a sense of urgency around screening.[14]
  • Tailor personal stories to resonate with underserved populations, addressing their specific challenges and concerns regarding screening and prevention.[15]  

Focus on Long-Term Care and Survivorship

  • Promote personalized care plans that account for unique needs and preferences of patients, enabling tailored care approaches.
  • Provide tailored resources for colorectal cancer survivors, including information on follow-up care, emotional support, and community resources.[16]
  • Proactively address survivors’ psychological needs by offering referrals for mental health support and survivorship services to help them navigate life after treatment.[17]
  • Encourage ongoing care by reminding survivors of the importance of regular check-ups to monitor for recurrence and ensure long-term health.
  • Support sexual health by providing resources to address sexual and reproductive health concerns that may arise after treatment.

Healthcare Professional-Specific Recommendations

  • Recommend and motivate patients to get screened, as lack of a clinician recommendation is a common barrier to colorectal cancer screening.[18]
  • Explain screening options clearly to your patients and take the time to address any questions or concerns they may have.[19]
  • Offer support for self-completed tests, such as FOBT, by sending reminders and assisting with the test process to ensure patients feel confident in completing the screening.[20]  
  • Promote shared decision-making by involving patients in their care, discussing their concerns, and providing evidence-based recommendations to guide their decisions.[21]
  • Set up system reminders or text messaging systems to ensure patients receive follow-up notifications and complete their screenings on time.[22]
  • Utilize patient navigators to increase screening rates, and assist patients who need follow-up care. 
  • Support colorectal cancer survivors through developing survivorship care plans.[23]
  • Encourage patient navigation services for patients, which is proven to improve colorectal cancer screening rates.[24]

Communicating with Diverse Audiences

Certain groups experience disparities in CRC screening, incidence, mortality, and survival.[25] Cancer health disparities are complex and affected by various factors, such as social determinants of health, behavior, biology, genetics, and more. Consider the information most useful to each diverse group. When crafting communication campaigns for these groups, keep in mind that many individuals experience multiple forms of marginalization in and throughout health systems. This compounded experience of disadvantage, due to a variety of social identities, is referred to as intersectionality.

It is important to tailor communication and resources to these populations with messaging that also addresses conditions where these communities live, learn, work and play, as these factors can impact a wide range of health risks and outcomes.[26]

Black persons experience higher rates of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality than White persons. From 2012-2016, CRC incidence rates in Black persons were about 20% higher than White persons and death rates were almost 40% higher than White persons.[27] Black populations also have lower rates of colorectal cancer screening compared to White persons. Among those ages 50 to 75 years, 65.3% of Black persons were up to date with CRC screening compared to 67.9% of White persons.[28] Black populations are also likely to experience treatment disparities for colorectal cancer, including being less likely to receive surgery compared to White patients.[29]

These disparities may be attributed to differences in risk factor exposure and health care access.[30] Black persons are less likely to receive timely follow-up after positive screening tests, as well as high-quality colonoscopies.[31]

How to use this information: Tailor interventions for Black persons and communities, especially screening reminders and accessible at-home tests. Provide materials for Black persons to advocate for timely follow-up care. Remember, differences by race are a result of historical inequities and the impact of racism, not biological differences.

Hispanic persons overall have a lower CRC incidence and death rate compared to White persons.[32] However, CRC is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among Hispanic males and third most commonly diagnosed cancer among Hispanic females.[33] In states such as Texas and California, Hispanic males may experience higher colorectal cancer mortality rates than White men.[34] There is also significant variation in CRC cancer death rates between Hispanic origin groups.[35]

Hispanic and Latine persons may not be up to date on colorectal cancer screening; 2021 data reveals that nearly 52% of Hispanic and Latine persons were up to date with colorectal cancer screening, compared to 61% of White persons.[36] Barriers to screening for this group may include avoidance of screening—especially due to fear, being too busy due to work, or childcare responsibilities.[37]

How to use this information: Tailor messages to focus on presenting easy at-home screening options, specifically addressing fear and time concerns. 

Cancer remains the leading cause of death for Asian Americans in the United States, however they experience lower rates of colorectal cancer screening compared to other racial and ethnic groups.[38] Cancer in Asian Americans is often studied as a monolithic population, masking significant health outcomes, necessitating data disaggregation from Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander persons and other ethnic subgroups.[39]

Less than 60% of eligible Asian American adults are up to date with their colorectal cancer screening.[40] Barriers to screening may include knowledge gaps and difficulties navigating the healthcare system. Research finds that Asian Americans may also report lower quality patient-provider communication during health care visits, which was a significant predictor of refusing colorectal cancer screening.[41]

Southeast Asian Americans and Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander persons experience the highest overall mortality rates for colorectal cancer compared to other subgroups.[42]  

How to use this information: Tailor communication strategies to be culturally sensitive by recognizing the diversity within the Asian American population. Offer educational materials in multiple languages spoken by different Asian American subgroups. Address gaps in knowledge and provide clear, actionable steps for navigating the healthcare system.

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander persons are disproportionately affected by colorectal cancer. Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander health data are often aggregated with Asian American ethnicities, which masks health outcomes, necessitating data disaggregation. Native Hawaiian persons are more likely to present with more advanced colorectal cancer at the time of diagnosis in comparison to other ethnicities.[43] Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander persons are less likely to receive colorectal cancer screening and may experience a lack of screening availability and lack of awareness about screening.

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander persons and Southeast Asian Americans experience the highest overall mortality rates for colorectal cancer compared to other subgroups.[44] Native Hawaiian persons experienced lower rates of surgery for colorectal cancer, and higher rates of chemotherapy; Pacific Islander persons also experienced significantly higher rates of chemotherapy.[45]  

How to use this information: Focus on increasing awareness and understanding of colorectal cancer risks within Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander communities by disaggregating data and addressing health disparities. Collaborate with local leaders, cultural practitioners, and community organizations to increase trust and promote culturally appropriate care. Educate communities about the importance of early screening and provide materials that address common concerns about cancer care.

CRC is the second most common cancer in American Indian and Alaska Native populations, with the incidence of CRC 41% higher than that of White persons.[46] Additionally, only 55% of native and indigenous adults ages 50-75 years were up to date with CRC screening compared to nearly 70% of White persons.[47]  

American Indian and Alaska Native persons experience worse cancer outcomes and lower-quality cancer screening. Access to screening is shaped by availability of local healthcare services, insurance coverage, transportation, time concerns, and cultural barriers. These populations may benefit from at-home, stool-based testing as they are accessible, low-cost, and completed on patient’s schedules.[48]

How to use this information: Tailor messages to encourage at-home screening for colorectal cancer for native and indigenous populations.

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex and other sexual and gender minorities (LGBTQ+) may experience barriers to colorectal cancer screening and access to quality treatment. For LGBTQ+ individuals ages 50-75 years, 75% of gay or lesbian individuals were up to date with CRC screening compared to 67% of heterosexual individuals.[49] The LGBTQ+ population may face increased barriers in accessing care due to lack of health insurance coverage, fear of discrimination and/or negative experiences with healthcare professionals.[50] Additional barriers include stigma and fear of sharing their LGBTQ+ identity to a clinician.[51] Recent dehumanizing federal actions have increased fear and reduced safety of LGBTQ+ people, making it even more critical to provide affirming care environments and support to this community.

Transgender patients are more likely to receive later-stage cancer diagnoses and experience higher rates of cancer mortality than cisgender patients.[52] Barriers to screening for transgender populations include housing insecurity, transportation availability, experienced discrimination and medical mistrust. Gender expansive survivors, individuals who identify as transgender, genderqueer/gender nonconforming, non-binary and other gender identities, were two times as likely not to share their identity to healthcare providers compared with cisgender survivors.[53] Furthermore, many individuals rely on referrals from other LGBTQ+ survivors or visit multiple providers in order to receive culturally appropriate care, causing delays in cancer care.[54]

How to use this information: Provide resources for LGBTQ+ individuals to find providers and healthcare settings that are culturally competent and LGBTQ+ friendly. Encourage LGBTQ+ individuals to develop personalized care and screening plans for colorectal cancer and other cancer screenings. Provide transportation, financial, and informative resources for LGBTQ+ individuals. Recognize and affirm LGBTQ+ experiences.

People who live in rural areas experience a higher rate of colorectal cancer mortality compared to urban individuals, due to a variety of factors including screening barriers, diagnosis stage, treatment disparities and survivorship care. People who live in rural areas and communities face travel and spatial barriers to colorectal cancer screening and treatment access.[56] People who live in rural areas may be deterred from colorectal cancer screening due to time and cost constraints.[57]  

How to use this information: Promote at-home self-screening methods for eligible adults. Provide transportation resource guides tailored to rural settings to support screening and treatment options.

People with low income, limited resources, or lower socioeconomic (SES) characteristics are less likely to adhere to colorectal cancer screening guidelines.[58] Barriers may include lack of time, financial constraints, and transportation related barriers. People with low SES characteristics reportedly have poorer health outcomes throughout the entire colorectal cancer care continuum.[59]  

How to use this information: Tailor messaging about colorectal cancer screening as preventive care that can reduce the risk of cancer and that can be accessible and easy. Provide materials about low cost or free colorectal cancer screenings for populations who may be at risk.

People with Disabilities 

Individuals with disabilities face significant challenges to colorectal cancer screening and treatment. Research shows that individuals with disabilities are less likely to undergo colorectal cancer screening compared to those without disabilities.[60] People with intellectual disabilities have significantly low colorectal cancer screening participation rates.[61] People with disabilities may be disproportionately diagnosed at more advanced stages of colorectal cancer: one study identified that 63% of patients with intellectual disabilities had stage IV tumors at diagnosis, compared to 26% in the general population. [62]

Barriers to screening may include financial constraints, diagnostic overshadowing, lack of insurance, lack of reliable transportation, and inadequate patient-provider communication.[63] Throughout the cancer care continuum, people with disabilities may experience barriers to high-quality care, including ableist attitudes from providers, inadequate knowledge about disabling conditions, diagnostic overshadowing, and failing to anticipate cancer treatment’s functional implications.[64] Additionally, research suggests that people with disabilities may experience lower rates of receiving standard treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, contributing to higher mortality rates.[65]

How to use this information: Develop and utilize plain language materials to promote colorectal cancer screening in multiple formats, including large print or Braille, and ensure compatibility with screen readers, to address a variety of communication needs. Advocate for healthcare staff training on disability inclusion and effective communication about colorectal cancer screening and treatment. Partner and collaborate with disability advocacy groups to create effective outreach and support programs.

Colorectal Cancer Resources

ResourceDescription
Americans with Disability Act (ADA) National Network Resource LibraryResources from the ADA National Network provide detailed guidance on compliance with the ADA in healthcare settings, including accommodations for physical, sensory and cognitive disabilities.
Alliance for Disability in Medical EducationThe Alliance for Disability in Medical Education provides resources to support professionals to enhance their practice to ensure cancer screening, treatment, and survivorship care is accessible, respectful and inclusive for all patients.
American Cancer Society – Education Materials for Your PatientsThe American Cancer Society has a series of educational materials for clinicians to give to patients and caregivers, which are easy to read and on a variety of topics.
American Cancer Society Cancer Facts for Gay and Bisexual MenThe American Cancer Society has assembled a list of important cancer facts for Gay and Bisexual Men, including information on colorectal cancer.
American Indian Cancer Foundation: Colorectal Cancer Awareness This foundation provides culturally-tailored infographics, toolkits and webinars to raise awareness of colorectal cancer among AI populations. 
Clinician’s Reference: Stool-Based Tests for Colorectal Cancer ScreeningThis resource introduces clinicians to the value of stool-based testing for colorectal cancer and explains the different types available.
Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP)The purpose of CDC’s Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP) is to increase colorectal cancer screening rates among people between 45 and 75 years of age by implementing evidence-based interventions described in the Guide to Community Preventive Services (the Community Guide) and other supporting strategies in partnership with health systems. They also provide follow-up services for a limited number of program-eligible people.
Colorectal Cancer Data DashboardThe American Cancer Society National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable’s Colorectal Cancer Data Dashboard (CRC Data Dashboard) offers an interactive view of data about colorectal cancer in the United States.
Colorectal Cancer: Early Detection, Diagnosis, and StagingFind out how colorectal cancer is tested for, diagnosed, and staged with this webpage from the American Cancer Society.
Colon Cancer VideosThe videos in this collection explain colon cancer risk factors, screening tests, treatments, and personal stories from survivors.
Colorectal Cancer Screening in American Indian & Alaska Native CommunitiesThis webinar, recorded on November 28, 2017, explored the opportunities and barriers related to delivering quality colorectal cancer screening and follow-up care in health care settings serving American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities.
Colorectal Cancer Screening Best Practices: A Handbook for Hospitals and Health SystemsThis source provides advice on the design and delivery of effective colorectal cancer screening interventions to strengthen overall efforts.
Colorectal Cancer Screening: What to ExpectLearn about three screening methods that can reduce risk of colorectal cancer: colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and home stool test.
Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan Tip Sheet: Colorectal CancerThis source from the American Cancer Society provides guidance on updating colorectal cancer screening in comprehensive cancer control plans, including information on engaging key partners, identifying data sources to measure efforts, and discussion questions surrounding colorectal cancer and screening.
Disability and Health InformationThis resource from the CDC provides guidance on communicating with and providing services for individuals with disabilities, including accessibility standards for healthcare facilities.
The Dos and Don’ts of Colorectal Cancer ScreeningA clinical resource to remind clinicians about dos and don’t of colorectal cancer screening.
GW Cancer Center: Together, Equitable, Accessible, Meaningful (TEAM) TrainingThis training aims to improve health equity by supporting organizational changes at the systems level. The training will help organizations implement quality improvements to advance equitable, accessible and patient-centered cancer care through improved patient-provider communication, cultural sensitivity, shared decision-making and attention to health literacy.
Increasing Colorectal Cancer Screening Among LGBTQ+ Communities BriefThis resource helps describe barriers to screening and outlines action steps to increase LGBTQ+ colorectal cancer screening.
My CT Colonography Center Locator ToolThe American College of Radiology (ACR) offers the My CT Colonography Center online locator, a patient-friendly online tool to find a computed tomography (CT) colonography screening center near you.
National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable (NCCRT) Learning CenterThe new NCCRT Learning Center is a digital learning platform which features courses, tools and other resources on colorectal cancer screening delivery and research. 
National LGBT Cancer Network Cancer Cards: English and Spanish VersionsThese cards aim to raise awareness about colorectal, breast, lung, and cervical cancer among members of the LGBTQ+ community. There are also cards that address the need for taking care of an individual’s physical and mental health. Each bundle includes the front and the back of the cards in PDF format.
National LGBT Cancer Network OUT: The National Cancer SurveyThe National LGBT Cancer Network released the findings from this survey in a report that provides information on experiences of LGBTQI cancer survivors and patients. Survey also includes a Special Sub-report on Gender Expansive Findings. 
National LGBT Cancer Network Provider DatabasesDirectory of LGBTQ-welcoming cancer screening and treatment facilities across the U.S.  
Screen for Life CampaignScreen for Life is a CDC campaign to increase colorectal cancer screening among men and women ages 45 or older. The campaign provides free print materials (fact sheets, brochures, postcards, etc.), TV and radio PSAs, social media posts and images, and other materials in English and Spanish to inform men and women about the importance of colorectal cancer screening. 
Asian Americans and Colorectal Cancer Companion GuideThis companion guide reviews what we know from market research about unscreened Asian Americans and introduces and explains new tested messages.
CDC Colorectal Cancer Communication ResourcesCDC offers scientifically accurate information about colorectal cancer in a variety of formats. 
Mailed FIT Outreach for Colorectal Cancer ScreeningThis research tests ways to deliver mailed FIT outreach and support follow-up colonoscopy for populations that face barriers to screening. It includes graphics and videos on colorectal cancer screenings. 
State-By-State Colorectal Cancer Screening LandscapeThis resource (last updated in 2020) is a snapshot of the colorectal cancer screening landscape in each state while also putting into context how the different states compare with each other in a range of areas. Includes information on coverage, screening rates and legislation. 
State Cancer ProfilesThe State Cancer Profiles website provides interactive graphics and maps to characterize the cancer burden across various geographic areas and demographic groups. It focuses on cancer sites for which there are evidence-based control interventions.
Tailoring Colorectal Cancer Screening Messaging: A Practical Coalition GuideThis resource, designed for coalition members and leaders, helps create tailored health messaging for colorectal cancer screening. 
Hispanics/Latinos and Colorectal Cancer Companion GuideThis companion guide reviews what we know from market research about unscreened Hispanics/ Latinos and introduces and explains new tested messages.
What Can LGBT Communities Do to Advance Colorectal Cancer Screening?Learn four things you can do to support reaching colorectal cancer screening rates of 80% and higher in LGBT communities.
Your Colon is 45This initiative directs users to a quiz for a personalized screening letter and screening locater for colorectal cancer. It also has several social media graphics and posts to promote on-time screening. 
2022 Messaging Guidebook for Black & African American People: Messages to Motivate for Colorectal Cancer ScreeningThis guidebook provides tools and information for screening messaging to close disparity gaps in colorectal cancer screening. 
2023 Lead Time Messaging GuidebookThis guidebook shares recommendations about tailored messages to encourage on-time and regular colorectal cancer screening.
Cheeky CharityCheeky Charity promotes information on colorectal and anal cancer prevention and early detection, especially for the LGBTQ+ and younger communities. A queer-led organization with a ‘cheeky’ approach that gets people talking, learning, and taking action.
Colorectal Cancer AllianceThe Colorectal Cancer Alliance is the nation’s leading nonprofit dedicated to colorectal cancer. Together with a nation of passionate allies, we advocate for prevention, magnify support, and accelerate research to end this disease
National Cancer Institute National Cancer Institute Colorectal Cancer Patient Information and Health Professional Version 

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Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month Messages and Graphics

LinkedIn

MessageGraphic
March is Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month. It’s the second leading cause of cancer death for men and women combined, but there are ways to lower your risk: http://bit.ly/2Fjfs7t  #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
A colonoscopy is just one of several screening tests for colorectal cancer. Some can even be done from the comfort of your home at a low cost. Talk to your doctor to learn more about getting screened: http://bit.ly/2H1dla2 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Eligible for colorectal cancer screening? Don’t wait to get screened—talk to your doctor about how to protect your health through easy at-home tests. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Clinician recommendation can significantly increase screening rates.. This course can help you explain the benefits of screening to your patients: http://bit.ly/2FpPU7V #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Clinician recommendation can significantly increase screening rates. This course can help you explain the benefits of screening to your patients: http://bit.ly/2FpPU7V #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer is often a silent disease. Usually, there are no symptoms. That’s why getting screened is so important. It can help prevent colorectal cancer — or catch it early when it is easiest to treat. Most people should begin screening at age 45. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re eligible for colorectal cancer screening, there are several tests available. Talk to your doctor about the best test for you today! #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re 45 years or older, talk to your doctor about colorectal cancer screening! It’s easy and can be done at home. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re 45 years or older, talk to your doctor about colorectal cancer screening! It’s easy and can be done at home. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Screening for colorectal cancer can raise a lot of questions. This fact sheet from CDC can help you start a conversation with your doctor: https://bit.ly/3yBxXwD #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer among Asian Americans. Learn more on how to address this disparity and promote colorectal screening in this demographic: https://bit.ly/3rEcgHz #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
This American Cancer Society resource can help you start the conversation with your doctor and decide which screening test is right for you: https://bit.ly/3e1Etn5 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month is a great opportunity to brush up on your knowledge of risk factors for colorectal cancer. Get informed: https://bit.ly/326xPJU #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Getting screened for colorectal cancer could save your life! Learn from others who have been screened: http://bit.ly/2ADHo24 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
We could save lives if more adults were screened as recommended for colorectal cancer. How does your state measure up? http://bit.ly/2Rk05C5 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
#CancerCare Physicians: Your recommendation matters when it comes to getting patients screened for #ColorectalCancer. Here’s how to optimize screening at your practice: https://bit.ly/3FbI2D6 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer is the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related death among Black persons. If you are 45 and older, here are questions to ask your doctor about screening: https://bit.ly/3False1 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
About 40% of Hispanic adults between 50 and 75 years old are not getting screened for colorectal cancer as recommended. Learn more about this group’s unique barriers to screening and how to close this disparity gap: https://bit.ly/2Nc8SVx #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
American Indians and Alaska Native persons are more likely to get colorectal cancer compared to White persons in most regions. This @NCCRTnews webinar explores barriers related to delivering screening in these communities: https://bit.ly/3yzsIhb #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Clinicians, implicit bias can affect how you practice and recommend colorectal cancer screening and follow up care. Check out GW Cancer Center’s Together, Equitable, Accessible, Meaningful (TEAM) training to learn more about recognizing implicit bias: https://bit.ly/30IiDSm #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re eligible for colorectal cancer screening, there are several tests available. Talk to your doctor about the best test for you today! #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re eligible for colorectal cancer screening, there are several tests available. Talk to your doctor about the best test for you today! #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
LGBTQ folks, if you are 45 or older, talk to your doctor about colorectal cancer screening. Find a LGBTQ-welcoming clinician to help you decide which screening option is right for you: https://bit.ly/3t23BTA #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer screening can be done at home, on your schedule! Talk to your doctor about an at-home test today. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re concerned about the cost about colorectal cancer screening, look at these resources about low-cost screening near you:
#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Have you finished your at-home colorectal cancer screening test yet? It’s an easy way to protect your health and prevent colorectal cancer and other diseases. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
  1. Download the suggested graphic.
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Facebook

MessageGraphic
March is Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month. It’s the second leading cause of cancer death for men and women combined, but there are ways to lower your risk: http://bit.ly/2Fjfs7t  #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
A colonoscopy is just one of several screening tests for colorectal cancer. Some can even be done from the comfort of your home at a low cost. Talk to your doctor to learn more about getting screened: http://bit.ly/2H1dla2 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Eligible for colorectal cancer screening? Don’t wait to get screened—talk to your doctor about how to protect your health through easy at-home tests. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Clinician recommendation can significantly increase screening rates.. This course can help you explain the benefits of screening to your patients: http://bit.ly/2FpPU7V #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Clinician recommendation can significantly increase screening rates. This course can help you explain the benefits of screening to your patients: http://bit.ly/2FpPU7V #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer is often a silent disease. Usually, there are no symptoms. That’s why getting screened is so important. It can help prevent colorectal cancer — or catch it early when it is easiest to treat. Most people should begin screening at age 45. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re eligible for colorectal cancer screening, there are several tests available. Talk to your doctor about the best test for you today! #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re 45 years or older, talk to your doctor about colorectal cancer screening! It’s easy and can be done at home. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re 45 years or older, talk to your doctor about colorectal cancer screening! It’s easy and can be done at home. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Screening for colorectal cancer can raise a lot of questions. This fact sheet from CDC can help you start a conversation with your doctor: https://bit.ly/3yBxXwD #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer among Asian Americans. Learn more on how to address this disparity and promote colorectal screening in this demographic: https://bit.ly/3rEcgHz #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
This American Cancer Society resource can help you start the conversation with your doctor and decide which screening test is right for you: https://bit.ly/3e1Etn5 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month is a great opportunity to brush up on your knowledge of risk factors for colorectal cancer. Get informed: https://bit.ly/326xPJU #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Getting screened for colorectal cancer could save your life! Learn from others who have been screened: http://bit.ly/2ADHo24 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
We could save lives if more adults were screened as recommended for colorectal cancer. How does your state measure up? http://bit.ly/2Rk05C5 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
#CancerCare Physicians: Your recommendation matters when it comes to getting patients screened for #ColorectalCancer. Here’s how to optimize screening at your practice: https://bit.ly/3FbI2D6 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer is the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related death among Black persons. If you are 45 and older, here are questions to ask your doctor about screening: https://bit.ly/3False1 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
About 40% of Hispanic adults between 50 and 75 years old are not getting screened for colorectal cancer as recommended. Learn more about this group’s unique barriers to screening and how to close this disparity gap: https://bit.ly/2Nc8SVx #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
American Indians and Alaska Native persons are more likely to get colorectal cancer compared to White persons in most regions. This @NCCRTnews webinar explores barriers related to delivering screening in these communities: https://bit.ly/3yzsIhb #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Clinicians, implicit bias can affect how you practice and recommend colorectal cancer screening and follow up care. Check out GW Cancer Center’s Together, Equitable, Accessible, Meaningful (TEAM) training to learn more about recognizing implicit bias: https://bit.ly/30IiDSm #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re eligible for colorectal cancer screening, there are several tests available. Talk to your doctor about the best test for you today! #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re eligible for colorectal cancer screening, there are several tests available. Talk to your doctor about the best test for you today! #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
LGBTQ folks, if you are 45 or older, talk to your doctor about colorectal cancer screening. Find a LGBTQ-welcoming clinician to help you decide which screening option is right for you: https://bit.ly/3t23BTA #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer screening can be done at home, on your schedule! Talk to your doctor about an at-home test today. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re concerned about the cost about colorectal cancer screening, look at these resources about low-cost screening near you:
#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Have you finished your at-home colorectal cancer screening test yet? It’s an easy way to protect your health and prevent colorectal cancer and other diseases. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
  1. Download the suggested graphic.
  2. Highlight the corresponding message with your cursor. Right click and select “Copy.”
  3. Open Facebook. If you aren’t already logged in, enter your email address (or phone number) and password, then tap “Log in.”
  4. Tap the post box. This box is at the top of the News Feed. If you’re posting to a group, you’ll find the box just below the cover photo. There will generally be a phrase like “Write something” or “What’s on your mind?” in the box.
  5. Tap “Photo/Video” near the middle of the post screen, then select the downloaded graphic to upload and tap “Done.” Doing so adds the photo to your post.
  6. Tap “Post.” It’s in the top-right corner of the screen from the app, or the bottom-right from your computer. Doing so will create your post and add it to the page you’re on.

Instagram

MessageGraphic
March is Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month. It’s the second leading cause of cancer death for men and women combined, but there are ways to lower your risk: http://bit.ly/2Fjfs7t  #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
A colonoscopy is just one of several screening tests for colorectal cancer. Some can even be done from the comfort of your home at a low cost. Talk to your doctor to learn more about getting screened: http://bit.ly/2H1dla2 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Eligible for colorectal cancer screening? Don’t wait to get screened—talk to your doctor about how to protect your health through easy at-home tests. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Clinician recommendation can significantly increase screening rates.. This course can help you explain the benefits of screening to your patients: http://bit.ly/2FpPU7V #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Clinician recommendation can significantly increase screening rates. This course can help you explain the benefits of screening to your patients: http://bit.ly/2FpPU7V #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer is often a silent disease. Usually, there are no symptoms. That’s why getting screened is so important. It can help prevent colorectal cancer — or catch it early when it is easiest to treat. Most people should begin screening at age 45. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re eligible for colorectal cancer screening, there are several tests available. Talk to your doctor about the best test for you today! #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re 45 years or older, talk to your doctor about colorectal cancer screening! It’s easy and can be done at home. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re 45 years or older, talk to your doctor about colorectal cancer screening! It’s easy and can be done at home. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Screening for colorectal cancer can raise a lot of questions. This fact sheet from CDC can help you start a conversation with your doctor: https://bit.ly/3yBxXwD #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer among Asian Americans. Learn more on how to address this disparity and promote colorectal screening in this demographic: https://bit.ly/3rEcgHz #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
This American Cancer Society resource can help you start the conversation with your doctor and decide which screening test is right for you: https://bit.ly/3e1Etn5 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month is a great opportunity to brush up on your knowledge of risk factors for colorectal cancer. Get informed: https://bit.ly/326xPJU #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Getting screened for colorectal cancer could save your life! Learn from others who have been screened: http://bit.ly/2ADHo24 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
We could save lives if more adults were screened as recommended for colorectal cancer. How does your state measure up? http://bit.ly/2Rk05C5 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
#CancerCare Physicians: Your recommendation matters when it comes to getting patients screened for #ColorectalCancer. Here’s how to optimize screening at your practice: https://bit.ly/3FbI2D6 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer is the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related death among Black persons. If you are 45 and older, here are questions to ask your doctor about screening: https://bit.ly/3False1 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
About 40% of Hispanic adults between 50 and 75 years old are not getting screened for colorectal cancer as recommended. Learn more about this group’s unique barriers to screening and how to close this disparity gap: https://bit.ly/2Nc8SVx #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
American Indians and Alaska Native persons are more likely to get colorectal cancer compared to White persons in most regions. This @NCCRTnews webinar explores barriers related to delivering screening in these communities: https://bit.ly/3yzsIhb #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Clinicians, implicit bias can affect how you practice and recommend colorectal cancer screening and follow up care. Check out GW Cancer Center’s Together, Equitable, Accessible, Meaningful (TEAM) training to learn more about recognizing implicit bias: https://bit.ly/30IiDSm #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re eligible for colorectal cancer screening, there are several tests available. Talk to your doctor about the best test for you today! #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re eligible for colorectal cancer screening, there are several tests available. Talk to your doctor about the best test for you today! #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
LGBTQ folks, if you are 45 or older, talk to your doctor about colorectal cancer screening. Find a LGBTQ-welcoming clinician to help you decide which screening option is right for you: https://bit.ly/3t23BTA #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer screening can be done at home, on your schedule! Talk to your doctor about an at-home test today. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re concerned about the cost about colorectal cancer screening, look at these resources about low-cost screening near you:
#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Have you finished your at-home colorectal cancer screening test yet? It’s an easy way to protect your health and prevent colorectal cancer and other diseases. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
  1. Download the suggested graphic.
  2. Highlight the corresponding message with your cursor. Right click and select “Copy.”
  3. Open LinkedIn. If you aren’t already logged in, enter your email address and password, then tap “Log in.”
  4. Tap “Start a post” from the main share box. This box is at the top of your profile.
  5. Tap “Photo” from the top of the post screen, then select the downloaded graphic to upload and tap “Done.” Doing so adds the photo to your post.
  6. Tap “Post.” It’s in the the bottom-right. Doing so will create your post and add it to the page you’re on.

Twitter/X

MessageGraphic
March is Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month. It’s the second leading cause of cancer death for men and women combined, but there are ways to lower your risk: http://bit.ly/2Fjfs7t  #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
A colonoscopy is just one of several screening tests for colorectal cancer. Some can even be done from the comfort of your home at a low cost. Talk to your doctor to learn more about getting screened: http://bit.ly/2H1dla2 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Eligible for colorectal cancer screening? Don’t wait to get screened—talk to your doctor about how to protect your health through easy at-home tests. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Clinician recommendation can significantly increase screening rates.. This course can help you explain the benefits of screening to your patients: http://bit.ly/2FpPU7V #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Clinician recommendation can significantly increase screening rates. This course can help you explain the benefits of screening to your patients: http://bit.ly/2FpPU7V #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer is often a silent disease. Usually, there are no symptoms. That’s why getting screened is so important. It can help prevent colorectal cancer — or catch it early when it is easiest to treat. Most people should begin screening at age 45. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re eligible for colorectal cancer screening, there are several tests available. Talk to your doctor about the best test for you today! #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re 45 years or older, talk to your doctor about colorectal cancer screening! It’s easy and can be done at home. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re 45 years or older, talk to your doctor about colorectal cancer screening! It’s easy and can be done at home. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Screening for colorectal cancer can raise a lot of questions. This fact sheet from CDC can help you start a conversation with your doctor: https://bit.ly/3yBxXwD #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer among Asian Americans. Learn more on how to address this disparity and promote colorectal screening in this demographic: https://bit.ly/3rEcgHz #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
This American Cancer Society resource can help you start the conversation with your doctor and decide which screening test is right for you: https://bit.ly/3e1Etn5 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month is a great opportunity to brush up on your knowledge of risk factors for colorectal cancer. Get informed: https://bit.ly/326xPJU #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Getting screened for colorectal cancer could save your life! Learn from others who have been screened: http://bit.ly/2ADHo24 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
We could save lives if more adults were screened as recommended for colorectal cancer. How does your state measure up? http://bit.ly/2Rk05C5 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
#CancerCare Physicians: Your recommendation matters when it comes to getting patients screened for #ColorectalCancer. Here’s how to optimize screening at your practice: https://bit.ly/3FbI2D6 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer is the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related death among Black persons. If you are 45 and older, here are questions to ask your doctor about screening: https://bit.ly/3False1 #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
About 40% of Hispanic adults between 50 and 75 years old are not getting screened for colorectal cancer as recommended. Learn more about this group’s unique barriers to screening and how to close this disparity gap: https://bit.ly/2Nc8SVx #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
American Indians and Alaska Native persons are more likely to get colorectal cancer compared to White persons in most regions. This @NCCRTnews webinar explores barriers related to delivering screening in these communities: https://bit.ly/3yzsIhb #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Clinicians, implicit bias can affect how you practice and recommend colorectal cancer screening and follow up care. Check out GW Cancer Center’s Together, Equitable, Accessible, Meaningful (TEAM) training to learn more about recognizing implicit bias: https://bit.ly/30IiDSm #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re eligible for colorectal cancer screening, there are several tests available. Talk to your doctor about the best test for you today! #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re eligible for colorectal cancer screening, there are several tests available. Talk to your doctor about the best test for you today! #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
LGBTQ folks, if you are 45 or older, talk to your doctor about colorectal cancer screening. Find a LGBTQ-welcoming clinician to help you decide which screening option is right for you: https://bit.ly/3t23BTA #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Colorectal cancer screening can be done at home, on your schedule! Talk to your doctor about an at-home test today. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
If you’re concerned about the cost about colorectal cancer screening, look at these resources about low-cost screening near you:
#TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
Have you finished your at-home colorectal cancer screening test yet? It’s an easy way to protect your health and prevent colorectal cancer and other diseases. #TAPforColorectalCancer #gwccTAP
  1. Download the suggested graphic.
  2. Highlight the corresponding message with your cursor. Right click and select “Copy.”
  3. Open Twitter. If you aren’t already logged in, enter your email address and password, then tap “Log in.”
  4. Tap “Start a post” from the main share box. This box is at the top of your profile.
  5. Tap “Photo” from the top of the post screen, then select the downloaded graphic to upload and tap “Done.” Doing so adds the photo to your post.
  6. Tap “Post.” It’s in the bottom-right. Doing so will create your post and add it to the page you’re on.

Download All Messages and Graphics

Social media management tools like Hootsuite and Sprout Social offer bulk scheduling options for uploading multiple messages at once. The spreadsheet below can be adapted to fit multiple scheduling platforms or services. It is currently formatted to work with Sprout Social’s bulk scheduling option. Please review the bulk scheduling format requirements for your specific platform before posting. Messages are sorted by network.

If you would like to download all images in this social media toolkit, click on each network below for a zip file with each network’s graphics. Please note that these image sizes are slightly smaller than the links above due to file size limitations. If you would like to download full resolution versions, simply click on the “Download Graphic” link below each image in the message tables above. 

Template Graphics

Need to adjust our designs? Use our Canva Templates for GW TAP’s Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month Graphics

References

1. U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021). United States Cancer Statistics Working Group, U.S. Cancer Statistics Data Visualizations Tool, based on 2020 submission data (1999-2018). Retrieved from https://gis.cdc.gov/Cancer/USCS/DataViz.html

2. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2021). Screening for colorectal cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA, 325(19),1965-1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.6238

3. American Cancer Society (2024). American Cancer Society Guideline for Colorectal Cancer Screening. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/acs-recommendations.html

4. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2021.

5. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2021; National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable (2019). 2019 Colorectal Cancer Screening Message Guidebook. https://nccrt.org/resource/2019messagingguidebook/ ; Kerrison, R. S., Travis, E., Dobson, C., Whitaker, K. L., Rees, C. J., Duffy, S. W., & von Wagner, C. (2022). Barriers and facilitators to colonoscopy following fecal immunochemical test screening for colorectal cancer: A key informant interview study. Patient education and counseling, 105(6), 1652–1662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2021.09.022 

6. Scaglioni, G., Guidetti, M., & Cavazza, N. (2021). The role of disgust as an emotional barrier to colorectal cancer screening participation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology & Health, 38(3), 389–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2021.1967351

7. Nelson, H. D., Cantor, A., Wagner, J., Jungbauer, R., Fu, R., Kondo, K., Stillman, L., & Quiñones, A. (2020). Effectiveness of Patient Navigation to Increase Cancer Screening in Populations Adversely Affected by Health Disparities: a Meta-analysis. Journal of general internal medicine, 35(10), 3026–3035. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06020-9

8. Small, C., Raymond, V., Jacobstein, M., Lang, K. (2020). Understanding patient-reported barriers to colorectal cancer screening: A literature review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020: 29(6 Suppl 2). http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.DISP19-B051; National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable, 2019.

9. Kerrison, R. S., Travis, E., Dobson, C., Whitaker, K. L., Rees, C. J., Duffy, S. W., & von Wagner, C. (2022). Barriers and facilitators to colonoscopy following fecal immunochemical test screening for colorectal cancer: A key informant interview study. Patient education and counseling, 105(6), 1652–1662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2021.09.022

10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021). Colorectal Cancer Screening Tests. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/basic_info/screening/tests.htm

11. American Cancer Society. (2024). Cancer Facts & Figures 2024. Retreived from https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2024/2024-cancer-facts-and-figures-acs.pdf

12. American Cancer Society National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable. (2023). Lead Time Messaging Guidebook. Retrieved from https://nccrt.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/2023-Lead-Time-Messaging-Guidebook-v15.pdf

13. National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable, 2019.

14. McQueen, A., Caburnay, C., Kreuter, M., & Sefko, J. (2019). Improving Adherence to Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Randomized Intervention to Compare Screener vs. Survivor Narratives. Journal of Health Communication, 24(2), 141-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2019.1587109

15. Woudstra, A. J., & Suurmond, J. (2019). How narratives influence colorectal cancer screening decision making and uptake: A realist review. Health expectations: an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 22(3), 327–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12892

16. American Cancer Society. (2024). Living as a Colorectal Cancer Survivor. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/after-treatment/living.html

17. Luo, X., Li, J., Chen, M., Gong, J., Xu, Y., & Li, Q. (2021). A literature review of post-treatment survivorship interventions for colorectal cancer survivors and/or their caregivers. Psycho-oncology, 30(6), 807–817. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.5657

18. Small et al., 2020.

19. Vallone, F., Lemmo, D., Martino, M. L., Donizzetti, A. R., Freda, M. F., Palumbo, F., Lorenzo, E., D’Argenzio, A., & Caso, D. (2022). Factors promoting breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screenings participation: A systematic review. Psycho-oncology, 31(9), 1435–1447. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.5997

20. Kotzur M, McCowan C, Macdonald S.. (2020). Why colorectal screening fails to achieve the uptake rates of breast and cervical cancer screening: a comparative qualitative study. BMJ Qual Saf 2020 (29), 482–490. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2019-009998

21. Kindratt, T.B., Atem, F., Dallo, F. J., Allicock, M., & Balasubramanian, B. A. (2020). The Influence of Patient–Provider Communication on Cancer Screening. Journal of Patient Experience, 7(6), 1648–1657. https://doi.org/10.1177/2374373520924993

22. Fendrick, A. M., Fisher, D. A., Saoud, L., Ozbay, A. B., Karlitz, J. J., & Limburg, P. J. (2021). Impact of Patient Adherence to Stool-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening and Colonoscopy Following a Positive Test on Clinical Outcomes. Cancer prevention research, 14(9), 845–850. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-21-0075 ; Bai, Y., Wong, C. L., He, X., Wang, C., & So, W. K. W. (2020). Effectiveness of tailored communication intervention in increasing colonoscopy screening rates amongst first-degree relatives of individuals with colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of nursing studies, 101, 103397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103397

23. American Cancer Society, 2024.

24. Nelson et al. 2020.

25. National Cancer Institute. (2020). Cancer disparities. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/disparities

26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021). About Social Determinants of Health (SDOH). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/about.html

27. American Cancer Society (2020). Colorectal Cancer Facts and Figures 2020-2022. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2020. https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/colorectal-cancer-facts-and-figures/colorectal-cancer-facts-and-figures-2020-2022.pdf

28. Sabatino S.A., Thompson T.D., White M.C., Shapiro, J.A., De Moor, J., Doria-Rose, P., Clarke, T., Richardson, L.C. (2021). Cancer Screening Test Receipt — United States, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 70:29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7002a1

29. Syvyk, S., Roberts, S. E., Finn, C. B., Wirtalla, C., & Kelz, R. (2022). Colorectal cancer disparities across the continuum of cancer care: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American journal of surgery, 224(1 Pt B), 323–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.02.049

30. ACS, 2020.

31. ACS, 2020.

32. American Cancer Society (2021). Cancer Facts & Figures for Hispanic/Latino People 2021-2023. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2021. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/hispanics-latinos-facts-figures.html

33. Miller, K.D., Ortiz, A.P., Pinheiro, P.S., Bandi, P., Minihan, A., Fuchs, H.E., Martinez Tyson, D., Tortolero-Luna, G., Fedewa, S.A., Jemal, A.M., Siegel, R.L. (2021).  Cancer statistics for the US Hispanic/Latino population, 2021. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021: 71: 466- 487. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21695

34. ACS, 2021.

35. Miller et al. 2021.

36. American Cancer Society. (2024). Cancer Facts & Figures for Hispanic/Latino People 2024-2026. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/cancer-facts-and-figures-for-hispanics-and-latinos/2024/2024-2026-cancer-facts-and-figures-for-hispanics-and-latinos.pdf

37. National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable (2019). 2019 Colorectal Cancer Screening Message Guidebook. https://nccrt.org/resource/2019messagingguidebook/   

38. Shah, I., Gawron, A. J., Byrne, K. R., & Inadomi, J. M. (2024). Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Asian American Populations and Strategies to Address These Disparities. Gastroenterology, 166(4), 549–552. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2024.02.009

39. Chun, I, Brenda Y. Hernandez, Hyeong Jun Ahn, and Christina Wai. (2024). Disaggregating U.S. Asian and Pacific Islanders: Colorectal cancer. Surgical Oncology Insight, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soi.2024.100066

40. Sabatino et al. 2021.

41. Oh, K. M., An, K., Lee, M., Shin, C., & Steves, S. L. (2023). Colorectal cancer screening disparities in Asian Americans: the influences of patient-provider communication and social media use. Cancer causes & control : CCC, 34(9), 813–827. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-023-01720-z

42. Medina, H. N., Callahan, K. E., Morris, C. R., Thompson, C. A., Siweya, A., & Pinheiro, P. S. (2021). Cancer Mortality Disparities among Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Populations in California. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention: a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 30(7), 1387–1396. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-1528

43. Chun et al. 2024.

44. Medina et al. 2021.

45. Chun et al. 2024.

46. U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021). United States Cancer Statistics Data Visualizations Tool, based on 2020 submission data (1999-2018): American Indian and Alaska Native restricted to PRCDA only. Retrieved from https://gis.cdc.gov/Cancer/USCS/#/AIAN/

47. Sabatino et al. 2021.

48. Haverkamp, D., English, K., Jacobs-Wingo, J., Tjemsland, A., & Espey, D. (2020). Effectiveness of Interventions to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening Among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Preventing Chronic Disease, 17, E62–E62. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.200049

49. Sabatino et al., 2021.

50. NCCRT, 2019.

51. NCCRT, 2019.

52. Kratzer, T. B., Star, J., Minihan, A. K., Bandi, P., Scout, N. F. N., Gary, M., Riddle-Jones, L., Giaquinto, A. N., Islami, F., Jemal, A., & Siegel, R. L. (2024). Cancer in people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or gender-nonconforming. Cancer, 130(17), 2948–2967. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35355

53. National LGBT Cancer Network (2021). OUT: The National Cancer Survey, Summary of Findings.  https://cancer-network.org/out-the-national-cancer-survey/

54. National LGBT Cancer Network, 2021.

55. Sepassi, A., Li, M., Zell, J. A., Chan, A., Saunders, I. M., & Mukamel, D. B. (2024). Rural-Urban Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survivorship Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The oncologist29(4), e431–e446. https://doi.org/10.1093/oncolo/oyad347

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